Economic Commentary Essay

This article discusses an ongoing increment in the pace of joblessness in the Euro-zone nations because of the fall of the pace of expansion, which was brought about by a lessening in the oil and item costs. In this editorial, I will break down the connection between these two monetary issues, talk about their belongings and assess the potential arrangements. Europe’s swelling dropped from 1.6% to 1.1% over the most recent two months. As indicated by monetary hypothesis, such a fall in the general value level (PL) isn't perfect since it limits financial development. For this situation, the abatement of expansion rate is brought about by a raise in the short run total flexibly (SRAS) because of the fall of the oil and product costs. This likewise lessens the consumer’s value desires, in this way diminishing total interest (AD). [See graphs] The impacts of this circumstance are twofold sided. The fall in the European swelling rate will hurt individuals with variable livelihoods, and advantage individuals with fixed salaries. Because of the expansion in the buying influence of cash, it will hurt borrowers and advantage banks. As the estimation of cash rises, reserve funds will turn out to be progressively gainful; notwithstanding, it will cause a fall in desires that diminishes interest in the securities exchange. At long last, it will dishearten the production of new pursuits; in spite of the fact that, it will forestall future capital flight. Notwithstanding these impacts, swelling incites joblessness. The European Central Bank (ECB) has detailed that its joblessness rate increased from 7.9% to 8% in December, as expansion diminished. In the European Union, anybody 15 years old or more established who isn't working yet accessible for work and effectively searching for one is viewed as jobless. This sort of joblessness is named recurrent in light of the fact that it differs with the business cycle. So as to see better how joblessness identifies with swelling, the business analyst A.W. Phillips completed a few examinations indicating that there is an exchange off between them. As swelling builds, individuals have more cash in their grasp. This will urge the administration to build its spending, subsequently making new openings. Phillips planned a bend (PC) that depicted the connection between these opposing macroeconomic objectives. Expanding joblessness has the accompanying monetary and social expenses: As indicated by Arthur Okun, for each 1% expansion in joblessness, there is a 2.5% lessening in the genuine GDP which will expand government acquiring and spending shortfall, prompting a raise in the obligation of the nations. Greater joblessness suggests more individuals guaranteed by the standardized savings programs; consequently, the administration government assistance costs will increment. Likewise, less individuals in conditions to pay annual charges will decrease government charge incomes. Joblessness causes an expansion in vagrancy and, consequently, in road savagery and wrongdoing. Thus, it instigates liquor abuse and medication utilization, just as migration and suicides. From the PC, it tends to be reasoned that a higher expansion will diminish the pace of joblessness in the EU. This, as indicated by the article, will be endeavored by the ECB through the execution of optional expansionary financial strategy, which comprises in a collect in cash gracefully and a diminishing in loan cost, to build AD and lower SRAS. This is an arrangement taken from the Neo-Keynesian large scale model that has confidence in interventionism and short run measures to forestall collapse. [See graph] One of the qualities of fiscal arrangement is the short acknowledgment, choice and execution slacks. As indicated by financial experts Mendel Gordon and Milton Freedman, they fluctuate from 5-10 months and 6 two years, separately. One of its shortcomings, distinguished by Neo-Keynesian monetary activists, is the powerless connections among banks and borrowers. This implies, in any case the loan cost changes, desires stay unaltered. Financial activists likewise accept that money related approach works in a roundabout way and, in this manner, all the more gradually; nonetheless, fiscal activists guarantee that it isn't more slow than monetary arrangement. At long last, money related strategy would prevail with regards to expanding the pace of expansion, in spite of the fact that it is constrained with money spillages and volt money. Also, Milton Freedman certifies that it might destabilize the economy due to deficient data. Thusly, it is smarter to observe the K% rule which comprises in the foundation of a consistent cash development rate controlled by the Central Bank.

Greek Education v.s Roman Education Essay Example For Students

Greek Education v.s Roman Education Essay Likenesses and Differences:Ancient Greece versus Old RomeMany characteristics of the Ancient Roman human advancement were without a doubt acquired from their ancestors of the Greek culture (Bonner 1). Roman training, be that as it may, is just an impression of the Greek instruction framework. Old Roman training strategies vary from the training techniques utilized by Ancient Greek guidance. In any case, these two distinct methodologies contain numerous likenesses. Despite the fact that the Romans put forth an attempt to repeat the style of training kept up by the Greeks, their endeavors fizzled; anyway Rome figured out how to embrace numerous standards of Greek instruction all the while. This is made evident by analyzing Greek and Roman training strategies just as the clarification of the common issues and desires each culture was looking during this period. It was not until Rome vanquished the little Greek society, Tarentum, in 272 B.C. that they could see the significance of being educated people (Dobson 92). This contact with Greek culture permitted Romans to utilize the Greek estimations of training that could be seen inside this little culture (Dobson 92). Before the production of state kept up schools and institutes in Greece, advanced education was chiefly held for the world class people of a network (Handbook: Greece 253). Preparing for these residents comprised of guidance in the regions of music, verse, numeracy, and strict custom (Handbook: Greece 253). In contrast to the Greeks, Roman training was basically nonexistent before the improvement of legitimate educational systems in the Roman culture (Dobson 91). By law, early Roman training necessitated that the dad be the main schoolmaster of his child (Dobson 94). The mother would show kids fundamental standards until age seven (Avi-Yonah 176). Thereafter, the dad was responsible for the childhood of his kid (Avi-Yonah 176). Beside showing fundamental perusing, composing, and number-crunching, the ess ential subject of guidance comprised on the whole of fight strategies and cultivating techniques (Avi-Yonah 176). Old Greece built up educational systems around mid seventh century B.C., one century in the wake of composing was presented (Handbook: Greece 253), in any case, it was not until the Hellenistic age that these schools were established or kept up by the city (Devambez 404). Before the Hellenistic age guardians were urged to send their understudies to class, yet were not constrained by law (Devambez 404). The guardians of an understudy would pay an expense to the educator in return for coaching (Devambez 404). The charges were normally low in light of the fact that the majority of the instructors were slaves or ineffectively paid (Handbook: Greece 254). The main kids that needed legitimate training were those from ruined families that couldn't bear to pay the showing charges (Devambez 404). Roman training started much uniquely in contrast to Greece instruction. Following qu ite a while of war among Rome and its neighboring nations, Romans at last discovered enough time for examining expressions of the human experience (Dobson 92). It is hazy when the Ancient Romans initially settled an educational system on the grounds that there is no much discussion over the various records (Dobson 96), anyway the primary archived account was in the third century B.C. (Handbook: Rome 211). Romans strived to accomplish a similar degree of training framework as Ancient Greece; in any case, the couple of taught Romans that endeavored to build up the Roman instruction framework were commonly fruitless in their endeavors (Avi-Yonah, 177). Roman instruction subjects were like those in Greece, yet the methodology of training was exceptionally different. The fleeting prior Roman style of showing included entirely different ideas than the frameworks utilized by the Ancient Greeks (Handbook: Rome, 211). The educators for these subjects were for the most part Greeks that had be en subjugated and compelled to instruct (Bonner 165). This clarifies the similitudes between the topic instructed in both Roman and Greek schools. The primary regions of guidance for both Ancient Roman and Greek students were made out of fundamental number-crunching and perusing and composing abilities until at any rate age eleven (Handbook: Rome 211). Except for Sparta, Classic Greek schools showed these fundamental aptitudes to for all intents and purposes every little youngster, however just the children of the rich would proceed with their examinations up to age eighteen (Handbook: Greece 253). Old style Athens comprised of three essential types of instruction: perusing, music, and aerobatic (Handbook: Greece 253)Athenian schools comprised of perusing, composing, and math educated by a grammatiste, which was a mentor for small kids (Handbook: Greece 253). Perusing in schools of Classical Athens ordinarily included crafted by Homer (Dewald 1099). Homeric writing made a reason for showing the fundamental perusing and composing aptitudes just as artistic ability (Dewald 1078). Progress was recorded by what number of Homeric works an understudy had perused just as which ones (Dewald 1079). Music and verse was instructed by a kithariste, or lyre player (Handbook: Greece 253). Music was a significant part of Greek training and a lot of significance was laid on the guidance of singing and instruments in both Sparta and Classical Athens (Devambez 173). They made another strong science and stylish of music that was applied to arithmetic and utilized for mental knowledge into the entertainer (Levi 151). A paidotribe, or coach, showed sports and physical training (Handbook: Greece 253). This part of training was implemented more in the Spartan culture than in Athens (Handbook: Greece 253). In contrast to Athens, Spartan schools authorized a battle ready sort of training (Handbook: Greece 253). Young men between the ages of seventy and twenty were taken from their hom es and prepared in battle with an accentuation on music and moving, sports and physical instruction (Handbook: Greece 253). The young ladies were additionally prepared in these subjects so as to be fit moms of future warriors (Handbook: Greece 253). During Hellenistic occasions, the kids were broken into three age gatherings (Handbook: Greece 254). This is the period where auxiliary training rose, alongside the organizing of state funded school structures, recreation centers, and libraries (Handbook: Greece 254). Pretty much every network held these structures and open tutoring was essentially implemented by customary law (Levi 154). The Hellenistic time frame offered approach to new showing standards and advanced education (Dewald 1090). Kids were part into age bunches that comprised of kids up to age fourteen, kids fourteen through eighteen, and those more than eighteen (Handbook: Greece 254). The second gathering of understudies would proceed with their instruction and further their insight into obscure subjects (Handbook: Greece 254). Because of expanded research on specific zones of study, youngsters were then ready to investigate new fields of premium, instead of the essential perusing, composing, and math that was being e ducated in Classical Athens (Dewald 1090)The sciences were one of the numerous subjects that scientists picked up enthusiasm for (Dewald 1090). Science and arithmetic were critical to the Greeks rationalists in light of the fact that the two subjects were so firmly related; they were frequently educated as an element of each other (Dewald 1090). Numerous rationalists even made Academies for the particular plan of facilitating the information regarding these matters and how they influenced cosmology, reasoning, and other significant subjects of the obscure world (Dewald 1088-1089). Prior to the formation of schools, early Roman instruction standards looked like those of Sparta more than some other Greek society. In Roman culture, after the age of eleven the child would be shown extra artistic subjects in Latin and Greek by a grammaticus so as to plan for talk (Handbook Rome 211). Be that as it may, the principle investigation of premium was weapon dealing with and battle schedules (Dobson 95). This is likely because of the distraction with war and endurance during the initial 500 years of Roman presence (Dobson 91). As Roman training progressed and schools were shaped, Greek slaves were taken as guides (Bonner 37). Roman educational program comprised of huge numbers of indistinguishable ideas from the Greeks, but on the other hand was totally different in content. Roman training before long started to look like that of the Greeks during the Hellenistic time frame (Gwynn 35). Greek savants that came to Rome not long after the overcome of Tarentum added to the He llenization of Roman culture (Gwynn 35). One distinction between the talk styles of Roman and Greece is the way that Romans embraced the Latin style of talk by about second century B.C. (Handbook: Rome 211). As the Greek understudies had contemplated Homer, there was no prevailing abstract hotspot for Roman culture, along these lines the youngsters examined both Greek and Latin literature(Dobson 98). Since the possibility of Roman instruction was to deliver valuable residents, which was the social way to deal with educating, youthful Romans considered the writing so as to create compelling talking aptitudes (Handbook: Rome, 211). Along these lines, Rome duplicated the Greek culture, in any case, the learning styles were to some degree diverse in that Greek read Homer for chronicled records and artistic records, however Romans utilized these abstract attempts to improve their social and composing aptitudes (Handbook: Rome, 211). A major contrast between these two societies is the consolidation of unknown dialects (Dobson 111). While the Romans principally spoke Latin, huge numbers of the examination writings were written in the Greek language and required interpretation by the Roman understudies (Dobson 111). The Greeks had never incorporated any language other than their own in their investigations (Dobson 111). Another distinction in the substance of Roman investigations incorporates the investigation of history (Dobson 118). Youthful Romans would contemplate the historical backdrop of their countrys legends in incredible detail, while Greeks fundamentally examined the anecdotal records of Homer (Dobson 118). What's more, Romans didn't consider science and

How to Obtain a Security Clearance

How to Obtain a Security Clearance Ever wanted to get into a building, especially a government building and was asked for security clearance? Maybe you saw someone flash a card and go in while you got stopped at the door.Perhaps your case is different. You saw a highly-paying job and wanted to apply.But one of the requirements listed was a “security clearance,” something you don’t have. But you want the job.So what is a security clearance and how do you obtain it?Much can be derived from the name and the examples given above. A security clearance is an approval to grant access.More specifically, it is an eligibility to access classified information.Since classified information is not for everyone, then access to it must be limited.You’ll notice that this only applies to certain government agencies.Examples of these are the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, the military and the like. Basically, any agency or department dealing with security matters will always employ access control.This is for a good reason. These departments, agencies and contractors working with them, handle sensitive information. The kind of information which touches on national security.Such information is intended only for those working on specific projects.This is why when you apply for a job in such agencies, you will be required to have security clearance.TYPES OF SECURITY CLEARANCESecurity clearance is divided into three types.These differentiate the level of sensitivity of the information whose access is being requested.At the same time, the type of clearance you have will determine which documents you can access.The three types are:ConfidentialConfidential is the lowest classification of sensitivity.This however does not mean that the information is available to anyone with a clearance. It is possible to have the security clearance of a higher level but still be denied access to confidential information.More on this in the classification categories section.Confidential clearance gives you access to confidential information.By definition, confidential information is that which when divulged, could cause damage to the national security of the US.SecretThe marker Secret is used to denote information which when disclosed, could cause serious damage to the national security of the country.Information classified as Secret is usually more confidential than that labeled Confidential.For access to such material, you will need the “Secret” security clearance .Top SecretThis is the highest level of confidentiality that can be labeled on any document or work environment. This is the label for controversial projects or government programs not intended for the general public.Examples include nuclear weaponry, local and foreign intelligence and covert military operations. As such, the “Top Secret” clearance is undoubtedly the one which gives access to the most secretive and sensitive material.The divulgence of “Top Secret” information would cause exceptionally grave dam age to the national security of the country.CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIESThere are other special classifications which are more appropriately referred to as categories. These are often at the “Top Secret” level of classification since they refer to information requiring special handling.These categories can also be found in departments dealing with “Confidential” or “Secret” information. These are not so much of classifications as they are categorization of confidential information. There are two main categories of classified information.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI)Work environments or documents under this category are highly-sensitive. In many cases, this is higher than “Top Secret” though resides in that classification. The distinction comes in what is known as “Need To Know.”“Need To Know” describes data or material whose access is so sensitive that it can only be granted if necessary.If your work or the task you are working on needs this informat ion, then you will be given access to it. Otherwise, you should not have the knowledge of it.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) is mostly used within the intelligence and military circles. Having a “Top Secret” badge does not automatically grant you access to such information. You will have to be approved for the access by someone in charge of the information.Often, these materials are accessed through code words. Code words are special words known only to a few people and they are used to allow individual access to sensitive information.Special Access Programs (SAPs)Special Access Programs are labels used to distinguish highly-secretive government projects. These are not open to all and require special badges to access.Access to such is also controlled on a “Need To Know” basis.The existence of these programs may not be acknowledged publicly due to their sensitivity.These programs will usually be found in the Department of Defense though other security agencies may h ave them too.OBTAINING A SECURITY CLEARANCEThe basics aside, how do you then obtain a security clearance? Where do you start and what is the process involved?These are the questions we will answer in this section. You will learn the steps to follow and what happens in every step of the process.Basically, there are four stages in obtaining a security clearance.Find a Job Which Requires a Security ClearanceIf you thought that a security clearance can be acquired by anyone for whatever reason, you are wrong.As you may have noticed from the introductory part of this article, security clearance is only given to the person who needs it.This means that you have to prove that you need it.And how do you do that?By showing that it is required for a job you have been hired to do. This is where some get confused. This is not similar to a letter of recommendation which you look for in advance before applying for a job. Neither do you get clearance so as to be a more attractive job candidate.Sure enough, having a security clearance will make you a more attractive candidate. But that clearance can only have come from a requirement of a previous job. An example of this is the military.Those coming from a military career often have a security clearance that is still active. For that reason, they easily get security-related jobs because there is no wait for clearance to be obtained.The process of getting clearance is itself a lengthy one because of the big number of applicants.Fill the SF-86 FormWith a job which requires a security clearance, the next thing to do is apply for the clearance. You will do this by filling the Standard Form 86 (SF 86).This questionnaire will be used to conduct background investigations to ascertain whether you should be allowed to hold a national security position.It is required that you fill the form with truthful information.Wherever you may not be sure what to write, it is advisable to check with an attorney. This is especially important if you f eel like some questions are too personal.The Investigations StageBeing a security access badge, you can be sure it won’t be given without some background check being done on you.It has to be determined that you are indeed a safe person to allow access to sensitive information.Once your application is received, an investigation will be carried out. This will mostly be in the form of interviews with you and those close to you.Those to be interviewed may also include neighbors, former classmates as well as former spouses or lovers where applicable.Note: Investigations can be quite intrusive. They will seek to unearth any detail of your life which may pose a threat to your handling of sensitive information. More than any other details, those about former relationships rank highest in sensitivity.Whereas you may prefer that such information remains unknown due to its embarrassing nature, you are required to be completely honest. Withholding information may cause you to be denied the cl earance. And in some cases, you may be charged for perjury.The Adjudication StageAfter the investigations have been carried out, next is the adjudication stage. This is the phase where your application is considered for approval.Investigations are used to provide information and verify the truthfulness of the information submitted on the SF-86 form.The adjudication stage has its own guidelines to be followed.There are a total of 13 guidelines for this. Your application will be checked against these to ascertain your eligibility.The guidelines are:1. Guideline A: Allegiance to the United StatesYou must be of unquestioned allegiance to the United States. This primarily determines how willing you would be to cause harm to the country.Involvement, associations or sympathy with activities touching on espionage, sabotage, treason, terrorism etc will deny you clearance.2. Guideline B: Foreign influenceThis covers a broad range of concerns including having family members or relatives who ar e not citizens of the US. You also risk denial if you live with someone connected to foreign governments.Having financial interests in foreign countries which could make you vulnerable to foreign influence is also a concern.3. Guideline C: Foreign preferenceDo you have a liking for another country other than the US?This can be evident through usage of foreign passports, voting in foreign elections, serving in foreign military, residing in a foreign country to meet citizenship requirements etc.4. Guideline D: Sexual behaviorThis can point to many ways in which you may become subject to coercion, exploitation or duress. It also checks for sexual behavior of a criminal nature, addictions and behavior which reflects lack of discretion or judgment.5. Guideline E: Personal conductChecks on your reliability, honesty, willingness to comply with rules and regulations, trustworthiness etc.Red flags could include refusal to cooperate with security processes, omission or falsification of materi al facts, association with people involved in crime etc.6. Guideline F: Financial considerationsIf you don’t meet financial obligations, have been involved in employee theft, tax evasions and the like, you may not be cleared.This means you are not financially stable and may engage in criminal activity.At the same time, unexplained affluence is usually connected to financially profitable criminal activity.7. Guideline G: Alcohol consumptionIf you take too much alcohol then you often exercise questionable judgment, don’t control your impulses and easily disclose information.In that case, you cannot be entrusted with confidential information. 8. Guideline H: Drug involvementUse of drugs (mood and behavior altering substances) can easily impair social or occupational functioning.This can lead to inappropriate disclosure of confidential information. Evidence includes drug possession, cultivation, distribution etc.9. Guideline I: Emotional, mental and personality disordersTesting by a n approved psychologist or psychiatrist will show signs of deficit in your psychological, social and occupation functioning.Patterns of proof of high-risk, irresponsible, aggressive, anti-social or emotionally unstable behavior will work against your application. These are taken to indicate a defect in judgment, reliability or stability.10. Guideline J: Criminal conductHave you committed a single serious crime or multiple lesser offenses? Are there recent allegations of criminal conduct against you? Such will lead to a conclusion that you cannot be relied upon or trusted.11. Guideline K: Security violationsDo you comply with security regulations? Are you on record having violated such regulations deliberately or due to negligence?These points to potential lack of trustworthiness, willingness and ability to safeguard classified information.12. Guideline L: Outside activitiesThese include volunteer or employment with foreign countries or nationals or association with people of foreign citizenship involved in matters like defense, foreign affairs or protected technology.Such may be an influence on you, thus posing a threat to the confidential information which may be in your possession.13. Guideline M: Misuse of Information Technology SystemsThis is all about hacking activities which include illegal or unauthorized access to IT systems and removal of hardware, software or media of this nature.It also covers illegal or unauthorized modification, destruction or denial of access to information residing in an IT system.STATUSES IN THE APPLICATION PROCESSIn the course of your application review, different statuses may be assigned to your file. These indicate where your application stands in the process of approval or denial.These are mostly used internally to determine what action is currently being taken on the application. The statuses include the below.Action PendingThis label shows that the investigation to your application has not yet started. You are among those waiting in line for an available investigator to take up your file.Alternatively, you may have been assigned an investigator but he is yet to start working on your application.Often, this is simply due to the backlog since the applications received before yours have to be dealt with first.You will therefore have to exercise some patience before it’s time to handle yours.Eligibility PendingThis is a more favorable state for your application to be in compared to the “action pending” state. This label on your file indicates that the investigations to your application are complete.With that completion, what remains is a review which happens in the adjudication stage.The information provided by the investigations will be considered against the guidelines above.This is what will inform the eligibility of your security clearance. It is likely that there are some applications to be handled before yours but the backlog here might not be as big as that in the investigations stage.No De termination MadeIn the event that the adjudicator requires more information before giving a determination on your application, this is the label which will be on your file.More information may be sought from the investigator or it may simply be a case of a suitable determination being awaited.Position of TrustThis label indicates that you have been granted access to classified information. The grant is usually at the level requested. This could be Confidential, Secret or Top Secret.The full process of investigation and adjudication have shown that you are capable of being trusted with sensitive information.THE INTERIM SECURITY CLEARANCEIt might interest you to know that there is also an option of obtaining an interim security clearance.This option exists for those situations in which you need to start working in a short time and cannot wait the usual duration of the process.This comes in the backdrop of the fact that clearance approval normally takes a lot of time.There are also man y pending applications and newer applicants may end up waiting for some time. Source: Clearance JobsSince clearance is necessary before you start working, your new employer may require that you start working soon. For this reason, you will need an interim security clearance.This may or may not be granted. There is no guarantee.If granted, it will be during the early days of the investigation stage. The clearance will last until the adjudication of your application is done.If clearance is granted to your application, then the interim becomes nullified as you get the confirmed security clearance. If security clearance is denied, then you lose the interim clearance.Interim clearances are provided for the level requested in your application. If you applied for Secret security clearance, then it will granted for that level of sensitivity.There are some limitations to the interim clearance too.If you have an interim clearance for the Confidential and Secret levels, then you cannot access Restricted Data, NATO Information, and COMSEC information.An interim clearance for the Top Secret level will give you access to these types of material, but only at the Confidential and Secret levels.PERIODIC INVESTIGATIONSIf you finally get the clearance, feel free to celebrate. Congratulations.The government deems you trustworthy enough to handle sensitive information.Keep in mind though that your clearance is subject to re-investigations.This may come from your own application so as to keep the clearance current. It can also be as a result of implementing policies.Such policies seek to ensure that those with clearance remain eligible to hold them.The Confidential clearance is re-investigated after every 15 years. The Secret clearance is re-investigated after 10 years while re-investigating the Top Secret clearance is done after 5 years.CONCLUSIONObtaining a security clearance is not difficult, but may take time. The clearance however is often a gateway to a well-paying job.Nonetheless, you should remember that honesty in the process is key. Do not lie about anything asked about.In case you find it challenging and need help clarifying on anything, especially at the SF-86 form stage, it is advisable to consult an attorney.He can also advise on any information you feel you wouldn’t want to reveal. This will help you explain things in case it comes up later as an omission.

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Ricevere (To Receive)

The Canadian Jazz Scene By John Sherwood - 1196 Words

It’s not every day that you’ll have a concert that starts off with a fire alarm and ends in a fire alarm as well. With the Brock U Encore! Concert â€Å"The Canadian Jazz Scene† presented by John Sherwood, on February 10th, 2017 that is exactly how it went. You could say that it was letting you know that the night was going to be an interesting one ahead. Alongside John Sherwood, his co-musicians were Kevin Turcotte (trumpeter), Patrick Collins (bassist), Terry Clarke (drummer), and Mike Murley (saxophonist). Before the concert started there was the sound of the fire alarm filling the FirstOntario Performance Art Center. Once the fire alarm was turned off we could enter the theater and take our seats. Once the concert began, Sherwood came out†¦show more content†¦Which makes sense that Turcotte and Murley would be able to get along so well with their music because they have played music together before in the past. One of which was back in Toronto at The Rex in 2013, who also had Clarke playing the piano. When the song was finally done, the quintet stopped for a bit to discuss which song that they would want to play next, which fit into the concert because Sherwood did say at the beginning of the concert that the entire concert would be improvised. Once they concluded together, Sherwood came back to the mic and explained that they will be doing a B-Bop version of Charlie Parker Ornithology. He then gave a bit of history of B-Bop, explaining that it is a song or songs written over older songs, to give them a new and refreshing sound to them. The song started off extremely powerful the drum coming forward as one of the main instruments being heard when the middle of the song came from everyone slowed down before only the drum was the only instrument to be heard by the audience. Clarke slowed down and created a new tempo, that almost seemed misplaced from the previous half of the song, once he started to gain the tempo from the previous half, all the other musicians started to join in al ong with the song, regaining speed matching the harmony that they had created at the beginning of the song. Once the third song was

Prototype Free Essays

Prototype Theory Rosch (1976) has proposed an alternative to the view that concepts are com ¬posed from sets of features which necessarily and sufficiently define instances of a concept. Rosch proposes that concepts are best viewed as prototypes: a ‘bird’ is not best defined by reference to a set of features that refer to such matters as wings, warm-bloodedness, and egg-laying characteristics, but rather by reference to typical instances, so that a ‘prototypical bird’ is something more like a robin than it is like a toucan, penguin, ostrich, or even eagle. This is the theory of prototypes. We will write a custom essay sample on Prototype or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we saw in the preceding section, individuals do have ideas of typical instances of colors, and these ideas are remarkably similar among vari ¬ous cultural groups. Such similarity in views, however, is found not only in reference to birds and colors. A variety of experiments has shown that people do in fact classify quite consistently objects of various kinds according to what they regard as being typical instances; for example, (1) furniture, so that, whereas a chair is a typical item of furniture, an ashtray is not; (2) fruit, so that, whereas apples and plums are typical, coconuts and olives are not; and (3) clothing, so that, whereas coats and trousers are typical items, things like bracelets and purses are not (Clark and Clark, 1977, p. 64). The remarkably uniform behavior that people exhibit in such tasks cannot be accounted for by a theory which says that concepts are formed from sets of defining features. Such a theory fails to explain why some instances are consistently held to be more typical or central than others when all exhibit the same set of defining features. Hudson (1996, pp. 75-8) believes that prototype theory has much to offer sociolinguists. He believes it leads to an easier account of how people learn to use language, particularly linguistic concepts, from the kinds of instances they come across. He says (p. 77) that: a prototype-based concept can be learned on the basis of a very small number of instances– perhaps a single one– and without any kind of formal definition, whereas a feature-based definition would be very much harder to learn since a much larger number of cases, plus a number of non-cases, would be needed before the learner could work out which features were necessary nd which were not. Moreover, such a view allows for a more flexible approach to understanding how people actually use language. In that usage certain concepts are necessarily ‘fuzzy,’ as the theory predicts they will be, but that very fuzziness allows speakers to use language creatively. According to Hudson, prototype theory may even be applied to the social situations in which speech occurs. He suggests that, when we hear a new lin ¬guistic item, we associate with it who typically seems to use it and what, appar ¬ently, is the typical occasion of its use. Again, we need very few instances — even possibly just a single one — to be able to do this. Of course, if the particular instance is atypical and we fail to recognize this fact, we could be in for some discomfort at a later time when we treat it as typical. Prototype theory, then, offers us a possible way of looking not only at how concepts may be formed, i. . , at the cognitive dimensions of linguistic behavior but also at how we achieve our social competence in the use of language. We judge circumstances as being typically this or typically that, and we place people in the same way. We then tailor our language to fit, making it appropriate to the situation and the participants as we view these. (Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. pp. 232-2 33. ) How to cite Prototype, Essay examples

Rappaccinis Daughter Fall From Grace Essays - Bereshit, Adam And Eve

Rappaccini's Daughter Fall From Grace Analytical Essay: Rappaccini's Daughter In the literal sense, Nathaniel Hawthorn's Rappaccini's Daughter is the story about the rivalry between two scientists that ultimately causes the destruction of an innocent young woman. However, when the story is examined on a symbolic level, the reader sees that Rappaccini's Daughter is an allegorical reenactment of the original fall from innocence and purity in the Garden of Eden. Rappaccini's garden sets the stage of this allegory, while the characters of the story each represent the important figures from the Genesis account. Through the literary devices of poetic and descriptive diction, Nathaniel Hawthorne conveys the symbolism of these characters, as well as the setting. The story takes place in mid-nineteenth century in Padua, Italy and revolves around two major settings; the mansion of an old Paduan family, and Rappaccini's lush garden. The mansion is described as, high and gloomy?the palace of a Paduan noble? desolate and ill-furnished? This description establishes a dark mood throughout the story. Hawthorne writes, One of the ancestors of this family?had been pictured by Dante as a partaker of the immortal agonies of his Inferno? The allusion of Dante refers to The Divine Comedy and the Inferno describes the souls in Hell. Furthermore, Baglioni converses with Giovanni in this mansion chamber and tries to manipulate him in his attempt to destroy Rappaccini. In a sense, the dark and gloomy mansion symbolizes the domain of evil. The second major setting is the garden. The author uses poetic diction to describe Rappaccini's garden. Hawthorne writes, There was one shrub in particular?that bore a profusion of purple blossoms, each of which had the lust er and richness of a gem?seemed enough to illuminate the garden, even had there been no sunshine?some crept serpentlike along the ground or climbed on high? In this passage, the author depicts the liveliness and beauty of the garden in an almost fantasy-like way, a fantasy too good to be true and destined to end tragically. Hawthorne directly compares this beautiful garden to Eden when he writes, Was this garden, then the Eden of the present world? Thus, Rappaccini's garden symbolizes the setting of the initial fall of man. In Rappaccini's Daughter, the original sinners, Adam and Eve, are represented by Giovanni Guasconti and Beatrice Rappaccini. Giovanni symbolizes Adam in the sense that he is shallow and insincere. When Giovanni first sees Beatrice, he is love struck. Hawthorne uses poetic diction when he writes, ?the impression which the fair stranger made upon him was as if here were another flower?as beautiful as they, more beautiful than the richest of them. This passage describes Giovanni's feelings towards the beautiful Beatrice. However, later we see that Giovanni's love was actually lust when the student discovers that he has been infected by Beatrice. The author writes, Giovanni's rage broke forth from his sullen gloom like a lightning flash out of a dark cloud. 'Accursed one!' cried he, with venomous scorn and anger Giovanni becomes enraged and blames Beatrice of this accidental infection. Similarly, Adam blames Eve of their disobedience when he is confronted by God. Adam does not show compa ssion towards his wife but instead, like Giovanni, lashes out with anger against Eve. Hawthorne's critical and unsympathetic tones toward Giovanni are evident when he uses descriptive diction to explain him. Hawthorne writes, ?his spirit was incapable of sustaining itself at the height to which the early enthusiasm of passion had exalted it; he fell down groveling among earthly doubts, and defiled there with the pure whiteness of Beatrice's image. In this passage, Hawthorne shows that Giovanni's love was actually lust and his tone toward Giovanni is critical. In contrast, Hawthorne portrays sympathetic and reverent tones towards Beatrice. The author uses poetic diction to describe the beautiful young woman. He writes, ?arrayed with as much richness of taste as the most splendid of the flowers?bloom so deep and vivid that one shade more would have been too much?redundant with life, health, and energy? Beatrice is described as a part of nature and vivacious. She has been isolated from the world and the world she lives in only consists of the garden. She has a child like innocence and is very na?ve. She even states, I