The Teaching Of Computer Science - 900 Words

During high school we are taught valuable information that will help us define our career and ultimately what we are going to to do for our whole life. While most courses are offered and taught some valuable skills do not get the same amount of attention as others do. One course in particular is computer science or the teaching of HTML. HyperText Markup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web pages, as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. (â€Å"HTML†) The teaching of computer science or HTML is a valuable skill that goes unnoticed in most high schools nowadays. By not teaching or even offering these classes, schools are limiting the amount of information that could be learned by all students. The students are the most affected by the school s inability to provide the necessary classes to learn HTML, because learning how to code could not only change a student s life, but the whole world. In our ever changing computer run world the schools are struggling to keep up with the information let alone equip its students with the necessary know how. The main reason coding is not taken as a class or even offered at most times is, because schools do not count them towards graduation. By offering computer science/ HTML classes schools could help teach students not only how computers work, but open up their minds,Show MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Proper Methods Of Teaching Computer Science1863 Words   |  8 Pages MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL COMPUTER SCIENCE Thomas Trunko Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Abstract This research is focused on the effects and proper methods of teaching Computer Science (CS) topics to students below the undergraduate level, mostly students in middle or high school. Most middle and high schools in the world today do not include CS courses into their curriculum. There have been many researchers looking into the benefits ofRead MoreThe Necessity Of Computer Literacy1039 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Necessity of Computer Literacy The common image of schools is students sitting in a classroom and learning how to read, write, and do math. However, the reality is that the classroom needs to be rapidly changing. In the 21st century schools are changing their curriculum in order to teach students the skills they will need once they leave school. Computer literacy is a skill required for most jobs nowadays and there are many new jobs available in the field of computers, many of which pay wellRead MoreI Had More Interest On Computer Science706 Words   |  3 PagesI had more interest on computer science and want learn more on a computer. I shared my view with my brothers for going another college to continue my education in computer science with my brothers because they were a source of funding without them I was not able to continue study. I got a green signal from brothers for supporting my undergraduate study in the capital city. There were only two public colleges offered BSc computer science program and had a huge competition to get in place for studyRead MoreMore Specifically, I Am Very Interested In Increasing Female762 Words   |  4 Pagesinterested in increasing female enrollment in STEM in my college due to the low enrollment in computer science and engineering classes. There are a significantly lower number of female community college students enrolled in the STEM field, especially in the areas of computer science, engineering, and technology. Per the US Census Bureau statistics, women comprise 48% of the total workforce but only make up 27% of computer workers, 24 % of STEM, and only 13% of engineers. This implies that many engineeringRead MoreTechnology And The Impact Of Information Technology In Education1268 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Today, technology is the need of the day and one of the most discussed subjects of our everyday lives. Face book, Twitter, computers, smart-phones and tablets are some of the words almost everyone recognizes. The traditional education delivery system has been a classroom setting with a professor giving a lecture and students listening and writing notes. Interaction between the professor and student has been viewed as an essential learning element within this arrangement. However, innovationsRead MoreComputer Science Into The Curriculum1524 Words   |  7 PagesComputing Computer Science back into the Curriculum Imagine I am an employer and I m looking to hire someone with computer science skills. Now I look for people who have the skills required for the position. And then something surprises me, there’s hardly anyone who qualifies. What do I do? Do I hire someone who will learn on the job, or someone who already has the skills needed for the position? I will do the latter and outsource to someone from outside the US and bring him in using an H-1B workingRead MoreComputer Science Is A Hard Concept Of Grasp Because It Involves Problem Solving And Logical Thinking1586 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Computer science is a hard concept to grasp because it involves problem-solving and logical thinking. Along with the concepts, coding issues is one of the greatest trouble students will face. Students have the Teacher Assist room available for them to use to solve these common problems, but they will mostly encounter another problem. The TA room for the majority of any given day will be overcrowded with students; the room’s maximum capacity is only 32. In addition to a crowded helpRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Young Learners Enthusiasm For Learning Science1061 Words   |  5 PagesHollis’s 1995 study focused on the effects of technology on young learner’s enthusiasm for learning science inside and outside of the classroom. This area of focus studied how implementing technology to teach science concepts impacted student’s motivation for learning science in the classroom. The teacher researcher’s study involves both teaching and learning as it focused on properly training teachers how to use and implement technological tools and software. Once teachers knew how to efficientlyRead MoreApps For The Education System1578 Words   |  7 PagesWith the progress and evolution of mankind, science being the adjacent part of mankind has also highly revolutionized and progressed. Nowadays, technology has covered the whole sphere of mankind and has emerged as an integral part of human life. Technology and scienc e have facilitated the human beings at very high scale. In the present era, not only the adult, but also students of all ages are also enjoying the fruits of science. A great invention of science iPad, was invented in 2010.The general phenomenonRead MoreTeaching Methods Academic Achievement And Influence Attitudes911 Words   |  4 PagesReferences Akà §ay, A. (2009). WebQuest in the course of teaching methods academic achievement and influence attitudes. Unpublished master s thesis, Atatà ¼rk ÃÅ"niversity, Erzurum. Alhileh Nofal (2007). The effect of the web quest strategy on improving the critical thinking and achievement of educational sciences faculty (UNRWA) Students’ in the teaching of thinking course. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 37(2), 161-175. Auditor, E., Roleda, L. (2014). The WebQuest: Its impact

Work in Team Environment - 8314 Words

WORK IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT SHIP’S CATERING SERVICES NCII (SHIP’S COOK) LEARNER’S GUIDE Unit of Competency : WORK IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT Module Title : WORKING IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT Module Description : This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to identify role and responsibility as a member of a team. Nominal Duration : 4 hours SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the module the student trainees must be able to: LO1. Describe team role and scope LO2. Identify own role and responsibility within team LO3. Work as a team member LO1. DESCRIBE TEAM ROLE AND SCOPE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: 1. The role and objective of the team is identified from available resources of†¦show more content†¦it is important to have all team members involved in the work and hence all the more important for all of you communicate. The underlying principle of team working is to take advantage of each other’s strengths in achieving the end result. If you cannot listen to a team member or cannot talk to another member, then you are not following the principles of effective team working. 1.0 DESCRIBE TEAM ROLE AND SCOPE What is a TEAM? Teams are groups of people that share a common purpose, to which they are all committed, and who are empowered to set goals, solve problems and make decisions. Without these common traits they are not a team - they are a group of people who happen to work together in the same environment - a work group. BENEFITS OF TEAMWORK Effective teamwork has a number of benefits - to the organisation, to the team and, not least, to the individuals within the team. The way that people work in teams is just as important as their individual performance. This includes their capacity not only to work within their own team but also to have good inter-team relationships. Working in such an environment helps build high staff morale and improved work performance. In many organisations today we see a move towards flatter, leaner structures. Stripping out layers of management means that individuals have to be more willing to take on additional responsibility and accountability - achievedShow MoreRelatedWork Environment And Performance As A Team1164 Words   |  5 PagesWorking as a team will improve the quality of care and provide great service to individuals. The purpose of having a team is to have a framework that will increase the ability for employees to participate in problem-solving, planning and decision-making. John C. Maxwell is the author of the book Teamwork Makes the Dream Work. He is known as one of America s experts on leadership. He is also the founder of John Maxwell Team Online University. He stated that â€Å"Teamwork makes the dream work, but a visionRead MoreThe Virtual Environment Work Team1525 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1: The Virtual Environment Work Team Introduction A national accounting firm offers tax preparation services to individuals. T.A. Stearns was a popular national accounting firm because of its superior reputation for high quality of its advice and the excellence of its service. Superior computer databases and analysis tools that were highly technical in tax laws they covered and in code they were written was the key to T.A. Stearns reputation. They were perfected by high levelsRead MoreCase 1 The Virtual Environment Work Team1406 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case 1 The Virtual Environment Work Team (Summary) T.A Stearns was a national fax accounting firm whose main business was its popular tax preparation service for individuals. The work as carried out in a virtual environment by four programmers in the greater Boston area. Tom Andrews is a tax lawyer, a graduate of the University of Maine and a former hockey player there. At 35, Tom has worked on the programs for six years and is the longest-standing member of the team. Along with his design responsibilitiesRead MoreTraditional vs Team Environments850 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Traditional vs. Team Work Environments Traditional vs. Team Work Environments and the Potential for Self-Managed Teams Traditional vs Team Environments This paper will explain the differences between traditional environments and team work environments. According to Exhibit 12.1 in our text book, in the traditional environment the managers determine and plan the work, and in a team environment the managers and team members jointly determine and plan the work.   Jobs are narrowly definedRead MoreChallenges Faced By Leaders Are Made, And Other Who Believe Leaders925 Words   |  4 Pagesevolve in order to be successful in today’s environments and with the challenges present in various organizations. Some organizations are heavily diverse, or deal with new technology. Leaders have to work in a emerging global economy. Knowledge management and organizational structures provide even more challenges for teams and leaders. This paper will look at the challenges faced by leaders in today’s work environments, and how different leadership styles work best in various environmental structuresRead MoreDeveloping A Positive Work Environment At Verizon Wireless.1504 Words   |  7 Pages Developing a Positive Work Environment at Verizon Wireless Tyronda Wilson DeVry University – Keller Graduate School of Management Dr. Victoria Ashiru – Managerial Decision-Making (MGMT530) 04/16/2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction- Overview of Decision Problem Problem Statement Objectives Summary of Key Objectives Alternatives Description of Alternatives Selection Consequence Table with Original Values: Ranking Alternatives Scoring Model Weighted ScoringRead More Team Based Organizations Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Based Organizations Introduction A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who work actively together to achieve a common purpose for which they hold themselves collectively accountable. In today’s society, there can be several different factors that are associated for a group of people to become a high performance team. For a team to achieve great performance, and deliver real benefits to the organization, they have to be able to distinguish their strengths and weaknessesRead MoreHow Can Create A Positive Team Environment?1352 Words   |  6 PagesCreate A Positive Team Environment By Charles Kiyimba | Submitted On July 26, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Charles Kiyimba Ability to create a positive team environment is an importantRead MoreLeadership For An Advanced Practice Nurse997 Words   |  4 Pagesis a very important role for an advanced practice nurse. There are many leadership styles a person can utilize when working in a collaborative team environment. It is the responsibility of an advance practice nurse to take on a leadership role and finding which leadership style to adapt can determine the success of creating a successful work environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze different styles of leadership, assess our emotional intelligence finding our strength and weakness andRead More Work Environment Paper1015 Words   |  5 Pages Work Environment Paper Good communication skills are imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal

Mark Twain Biography Free Essays

Samuel Clemens, more commonly known as Mark Twain, was born on November 30th, 1835. He lived with a large family of five older siblings. During his young life, he and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where he spent much of his childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Twain Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the age of twelve, Samuel’s father died, and he left school to start working and help his family. He held various jobs until he reached the age of 21. At this age, he started working on a steamboat. During the Civil War, demand for the boats dropped and he had to find other means of work. Eventually, he got a job as a reporter at the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise where he quickly became known as Mark Twain. Before he led a life of fame, he had an eventful childhood where he held several interesting jobs, â€Å"The secret to getting ahead is getting started.†- Mark Twain As a writer, his wealth quickly grew after writing a book on Ulysses S. Grant. He would add many of his opinions about matters of the day into his books, such as his opinion on slavery. He was a great influence on many people from all over the world. The fame and riches he received for his books wouldn’t last his entire life though, he would lose almost everything, including his wealth and family. He stopped writing for a time to explore other careers in which he could benefit. People loved the stories that Mark Twain told. In February of 1870, Samuel Clemens married his wife Livy. Family meant a lot to him but he also had a love for money. Soon after their marriage, Livy became pregnant with their first son Langdon, however, before he was very old, he died. Throughout Twain’s life, most of his family members died of various disease and illnesses. In fact, when his wife became sick, the doctors only allowed him to see her for two minutes a day because his personality would upset her illness. After several people he knew died, he grew depressed and became mad at God. He cared deeply for his family and was very nostalgic. After he stopped writing, he attempted to become a businessman to increase his fortune. However, he was not a good businessman. When he made several poor decisions, his money quickly started to vanish. He loved money but was not wise with it. He made multiple bad investments at the same time, and his investments never took off. He started a publishing company to help make money, but it didn’t work, he was still losing money. That and the combination of him spending over $30,000 monthly, and he eventually went bankrupt. After bankruptcy, he decided he would still pay the people he owed money to. Like Twain said, â€Å"Continuous improvement is better than delayed perfection† He went around the world speaking at various events, earning money until, a few years later, he had paid back all of his debts, which had started at over $200,000. Although he managed his finances poorly, his strong moral compass helped him pay back what he owed, even when he was not required to. Mark Twain has been known very well mainly for his books, but also, his numerous quotes. His first novel was titled, The Innocents Abroad. It quickly became a popular book. Other popular books by Mark Twain included Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi and Huck Finn. Samuel Clemens accomplished much over the course of his life. He went from having a lot, to losing everything, to working hard to get his wealth back. Most of his family died while he was still living. The only one of his children to live longer than he was his Daughter, Claria Clemans. Samuel Clemens was born when Halley’s Comet was at earth and he said he wished to leave with it, â€Å"I came in with Halley’s Comet in 1835. It’s coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it.† -Mark Twain. He did. The day after Halley’s Comet had made its closest approach to earth, Mark Twain died of a heart attack. During his life, he was extremely successful, and never gave up in the face of difficulty, not even after his family died and his wealth was lost. How to cite Mark Twain Biography, Papers

The Public Administration Systems free essay sample

Action part as given by Rosenbloom in this definition represents the projects, programs and policies which are carried out by government to achieve growth and developmental goals for a country or a state. Government as made mention of in the definition is the representatives of the state at a particular point in time. In other words it’s a transient entity which at any point in time represents a state. Means also talks of the mechanisms, medium, the platforms on/through which government’s action parts, such as programs, policies, projects are articulated to ensure that government purposes and goals are realized. Structures as in scalar chain — number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in an organization – is not exempted from the means through which these goals are realized. Ghana as a state has its own Public Administration systems, emphatically focusing on its structures. We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Administration Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The constitution of the fourth republic of Ghana (1992) defines the overall structure of the public Administrative systems in Ghana with the following: A president elected for a maximum tenure of two terms of four years per term. The president will also have to appoint a vice president who shall act in his absence; he will also appoint a council of ministers and a cabinet who shall advise the president on specific national and international issues, as well as a council of state to act as another advisory body. Ghana is divided into ten administrative regions; each region has a council, of which the president appoints members to serve that council. This premier structure is referred to as the Executive body with the president as the head. The next structure after the executive is the national parliament or Legislature. The main focus of this structure is law making. Ghana’s law making body is a unicameral parliament (single house). The parliament’s two hundred and thirty members are directly elected for a four year term with no term limits. The head of this structure is the Speaker of Parliament, assisted by the deputy speaker of parliament. An independent Judiciary is the next structure in Ghana’s public administration system’s structure after the legislature. In the first instance, Ghana’s legal codes are based on Britain’s. The judicial body consists of the superior of judicature comprising in an order of authority the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the High Court and Regional Tribunals. Followed at the lower tier are the Circuit Courts, Community Tribunals and Courts of the House of Chiefs. All judges are appointed by the president and approved by parliament. A judicial council monitors the performance of the judicial systems, along side the Ghana Bar Association which represents the interest of Ghanaian Lawyers. Heading this structure is the chief justice of Ghana. The next structure after the judiciary is a Local Government System. Ghana is divided into ten administrative regions. Each region is led by a Regional Executive, who is appointed by the president, with an elected number of Assemblies spread across all the geographic regions. This structure is led by regional coordinating councils, which in most of the time represents the interest of the central government, which is the same as the executive. The media, in times now is been referred to as the invisible hand of government. For that matter the media commission of Ghana happens to be the next structure after the Local government. A media commission that upholds freedom of the press, and ensures the maintenance of standards in objective reporting. The head of this structure is the National media Commissioner. Next after the media commission is the National Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice, which is headed by a commissioner appointed by the president. The main duties of this commission is to protect citizens form maladministration and/or injustices. A national Electoral commission also comes under the structure, headed by the Electoral commissioner, they are responsible to oversee free and fair elections by secrete ballot. The last but not the least I will consider, is an impartial and professional public and civil services of Ghana. The public services comprise agencies such as the police service, the education services, the health services, etc†¦ this structure is headed by the Public Services Commissioner. This basically forms the core structures of the public administrative systems in the Republic of Ghana.

U.S Supreme Court Antonin Scalia as a textualist

Introduction The concept of separation of powers aims at ensuring that branches of government with different tasks and mandates perform their duties independently without interference according to their areas of specialization. The main reason for such specialization is to limit the power that each branch of government has in a bid to prevent the creation of moral hazard.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, such separation prevents one branch of government from interfering with another’s operations and performance of duties. However, it is essential to ensure that the branches of government operate within their mandate without overstepping their power. Since the three bodies constitute the highest offices in government, they should keep each other in check. Separation of power has often resulted in controversy as t he legislature and the judiciary’s powers sometimes overlap due to constitutional and statutory interpretations. The paper discusses some of the ways in which the theory of textualism makes interpretation easier, simplifies challenges, and how the theory compares to the theories of originalism and common law use of the principle of precedence in terms of objectivity and ease of application. The paper explores the three theories according to sentiments by the U.S Supreme Court judge Antonin Scalia in his work, A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law. Textualism: Antonin Scalia Antonin Scalia is a Judge of the Supreme Court – a position that he has held for the past twenty years. Scalia’s extensive experience in the judicial system has made his opinion on statutory and constitutional interpretation noteworthy, especially when conducting analyses on other theoretical approaches to the same. In his book, A Matter of Interpretation, Scalia clearly expr esses his support and preference for the textualist approach of interpretation. According to Scalia (1998), the most suitable interpretation of the constitution and other statutes is one where â€Å"the text is the law†¦and it is the text that must be observed† (p. 11), as it is simple, complies with constitutionality, and prevents the inclusion of personal prejudices during the interpretation process. In essence, textualism proposes a method of interpretation of statutes according to the meaning of the actual text and language in a statute. Scalia (1998) states that the ordinary meaning of a text governs the interpretation and that judges should not go outside the text to seek a meaning through the application of factors such as the intention of the law. In his opinion, textuality provides a sense of simplicity when interpreting legislation that most other methods lack (p.14).Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, such simplicity eases the interpretation process and shortens the amount of time that a court spends contemplating on a decision, without compromising any of the statutory or constitutional provisions (Scalia, 1998, p.15). Another advantage that Scalia mentions in his text is the view that the adoption of textualism in interpretation creates uniformity in interpretation that other methods lack. Scalia (1998) explains this point by positing that the uniform application of statutes and constitutional provisions creates a possibility for uniformity in interpretation resulting in easy application of the law if judges choose to use textualism as opposed to any other method of interpretation (p.20). In Scalia’s view, the use of factors such as intention and legislative history results in subjective decisions and opens doors for personal prejudices, which becomes problematic because judges might use such criteria to create their version of what they think the law, should be instead of what it is. He expressly states, â€Å"My view that the objective indications of the words, rather than the intent of the legislature, is what constitutes the law leads me, of course, to the conclusion that the legislative history should not be used as an authoritative indication of a statute’s meaning† (Scalia, 1998, p. 29). Although Scalia’s arguments make a lot of sense, some scholars, especially in the law profession, argue that the theory has limitations like any other theories, and thus it does not qualify as the easiest theory to use in terms of flexibility and adaptability to changes in societal values. Some of the prominent theories that provide a comparison in application to textualism include the original intention theory and use of precedence. Original intent (originalism) The original intent theory of statutory and constitutional interpretation suggests that in order for judges to obtai n the correct interpretation, they must consider the intention of the legislature at the time of the statute’s inception and then apply such findings to cases at present. Proponents of this theory justify its formulation by stating that it aims at ensuring that judges understand the meaning of the text in statutes clearly before application (O’Brien, 2012, p.102). In this case, the intention of lawmakers suffices over the literal meaning of the text. Proponents of originalism argue that the vague nature of the constitution and statutes makes a literal reading of text problematic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, consideration of the intent of the legislature using the test of a reasonable man eliminates such limitation and results in ease of application. The proponents also state that the meaning of the law d oes not change even as society changes, thus safeguarding the core societal values it aims to protect. These arguments make sense in the light of globalization and the adoption of selective cultures, both of which create the potential risk of loss of identity in any society (Scalia, 1998, p.186). Although the application of the theory sounds simple, certain difficulties exist in terms of uniformity of interpretation. Different people interpret common situations differently. For instance, some people choose to focus on the positive side of any situation, while others bear an inclination to notice the negative. In the same way, some scholars, including Scalia, point out that it is nearly impossible for all judges to interpret the text in statutes the same way. The element of ambiguity is often the source of such lack of synchronicity. Secondly, reference to the original intent prevents the application of the statute in later cases whose facts comply with the application of the literal text meaning, but fails in terms of application according to the intent. One of the issues that have so far proven this point is the issue of homosexuality. Most legislative bodies in federal governments during the 1980s outlawed homosexuality in express terms. In current years, activism in support of gay rights has ignited the need to revisit the statutes. However, consideration of the original intent has so far been one of the reasons why incorporation of such rights into law has been nearly impossible. According to Scalia (1998, p.190), the basis for original intent is erroneous, thus creating possible grounds for nullification of the theory with regard to the interpretation process. Scalia (1998, p.182) cautions that with more than five hundred members of the legislature, it is nearly impossible to ascertain the collective intention of all the members when establishing original intent in any statute. Additionally, the application of original intent requires one to revisit legis lator history, which creates a lack of appropriate respect for the wording of the text (Scalia, 1998, p.179). Comparison of the theory to textualism indicates the latter to be simpler in application. However, it is important to note that both theories possess elements that overlap with such ease of application, thus making them appear relative albeit only with regard to ease of application. Common law use of Precedence The principle of precedence essentially suggests that in order to establish the applicability of statutes and the constitution to cases, a judge or lawyer has to consider previous judicial decisions on matters exhibiting similarities in terms of facts. Ordinarily, the principle aims at creating a sense of uniformity and consistency in decision making that eases the task of judges and lawyers when evaluating cases.Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the uniqueness of some facts in specific cases makes adherence with such uniformity problematic. Usually, in instances where the points in a particular case reveal elements absent in past cases providing precedence, a judge has to make a fresh decision for purposes of utilization as precedence in future cases (O’Brien, 2012, p. 309). The concept adheres by several rules, one of which is that the facts in the current case have to exhibit striking similarities with the applicable case law. Secondly, the hierarchy of courts dictates the effect that the precedent has on the current case. Usually, the high court, court of appeal, and the Supreme Court create decisions that are binding in nature while those of lower courts often have a suggestive appeal as opposed to an authoritative one (Scalia, 1998, p.190). Thirdly, case law, which is the primary source of law concerning this principle, serves to fill gaps regarding certain matters for which statutes provide no satisfac tory means of resolution. Ideally, the application of precedent cases in decision-making eliminates the need to deal with issues of ambiguity and vagueness (O’Brien, 2012, p. 421). The use of past cases with similar facts makes it easy for lawmakers to establish a decision. An analysis of these facts reveals this method of interpretation to be comfortable and more practical than originalism. However, this theory is not without its challenges. One of the most controversial issues surrounding the theory’s application is its tendency to overlap with the legislative mandate regarding the formulation and enactment of laws in statutes. Scalia (1998, p.178) argues that the principle creates a threshold through which the judiciary crosses into the territory of the legislature, thus breaching the concept of separation of powers. He notes that the legislature reserves all rights to formulate laws while the judiciary’s task is to enact these laws. However, by creating case law and using it as a basis for decision-making, the judiciary turns itself into a law-making body, which is contrary to its purpose (Scalia, 1998, p.189). In his book, Scalia (1998, p.192) argues that this mistake comes from educational institutions that teach students how to derive law from past cases. By doing so, law professors create a breed of lawyers and judges that considers case laws more as compared to what it does to actual law in statutes and the constitution. He explains that even though the principle still gives regard to statutory law, the importance that it accords such law is not as high as it should be. In his opinion, the application of case law as the basis for decisions creates a scenario where historical legislation overshadows current legislation and diminishes the importance of the legislature (Scalia, 1998, p.194). Therefore, the principle in Scalia’s view is flawed and it fades in comparison to his textualism principle. Conclusion Theoretically, usi ng the principle of textualism as a method of constitutional and statutory interpretation is easier than applying theories such as precedence and originalism as the application of the law does not require any interpretation other than the literal meaning of the text. However, the practical aspect of such application reveals that the principle is riddled with limitations like any other theory. References O’Brien, D. (2012). Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. Scalia, A. (1998). A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. This essay on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist was written and submitted by user Judah V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ambivalen Conquests and Equianos Travels essays

Ambivalen Conquests and Equiano's Travels essays Ibo-ny and Ivory: The Inharmonious British/Ibo Relations Traditions are the guideposts driven deep in our subconscious minds. The most powerful ones are those we can't even describe and aren't even aware of... Ellen Goodmans survey of traditions persuasiveness could not be truer of the Ibo culture and the African slave trade with regards to British influence. Clearly, the Ibo people instinctively held closely to their customs in reaction to English presence; plausibly, their intent in so doing was to hold as closely as possible to their status quo. Remarkably enough, their true effect was the facilitation, not prevention, both of the British slave trade in the mid-eighteenth century and of British colonization in the late nineteenth century. As the Ibo provided this ingress for the white man to gain power on African land, the Ibo people had some choices to be made that would definitively shape their chi, or destiny. To be sure, the story of Olaudah Equiano as well as Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart provides evidence contrary to th e common conception of the superior British strong-arming the inferior Africans to the point of submission. Specifically, both accounts show intelligent African societies making reasoned yet vacillating decisions regarding the cooperation with slave traders or conformation to British colonists culture. This rift in African resolve was enough to allow both the eighteenth-century slave traders and the nineteenth century colonists to divide Ibo with intent to conquer; in doing so taking the most important thing to a human, freedom. British slave traders capitalized upon the rivalries amongst the numerous and highly competitive political entities of eighteenth-century Africa with the purpose of capturing slaves. Values, preferences, and national identity were set on very narrow scopes throughout Ibo society. Equiano aptly describes this, stating &quo...

Cómo sacar el pasaporte americano por primera vez

Cà ³mo sacar el pasaporte americano por primera vez Los ciudadanos sin pasaporte americano deberà ­an solicitarlo ya que este  documento no sà ³lo garantiza su regreso a los Estados Unidos en los casos de viajes internacionales sino que, adems, es un documento que sirve para  acreditar  la ciudadanà ­a y la identidad. Por esas razones es muy conveniente sacarlo tan pronto como se pueda. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quà © documentos presentar, dà ³nde solicitarlo, el caso especial de los menores, quà © hacer en caso de extraviar el pasaporte y quà © otros documentos pueden utilizarse en algunos controles migratorios. Dà ³nde hay que presentarse cuando se solicita por primera vez el pasaporte americano Cuando se solicita el pasaporte americano por primera vez dentro de los Estados Unidos, es necesario hacerlo en persona en una Agencia de Pasaportes o en una Oficina Autorizada  y presentando los documentos que se especifican en el siguiente apartado. Si se solicita en el extranjero es necesario hacer una cita con la embajada americana o con el consulado que corresponda segà ºn el lugar de residencia del solicitante. Por ejemplo, el caso de un nià ±o que nace en otro paà ­s pero que adquiere la ciudadanà ­a americana por derecho de sangre. En estos casos, cada oficina consular sigue sus propias reglas sobre cà ³mo hacer la cita, pero los documentos a presentar son en todas partes los mismos y son los que se detallan a continuacià ³n. Documentos para sacar el pasaporte americano por primera vez Deber completarse correctamente  el formulario DS-11Probar que se es ciudadano de EEUU (certificado de nacimiento,  naturalizacià ³n o cualquier otro documento que sirve para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a)Probar con documentos legales admisibles el nombre de la persona (licencia de matrimonio, licencia de manejar...)Entregar una foto de pasaporte de menos de seis meses de antigà ¼edad a color Reglas para sacar el pasaporte de USA que aplican a menores de edad Solicitar pasaportes americanos para nià ±os tiene reglas especiales sobre presencia del menor y de los padres. Deber aportarse el Nà ºmero de Seguridad Social de al menos uno de los padres.  Y si sà ³lo un padre tiene la custodia del menor, deber acreditarse tal hecho mediante un documento, por ejemplo, certificado de viudedad, decreto de divorcio, etc. Tipos de tarifa para solicitar pasaporte americano Su costo final va a depender de la edad del solicitante y de si se pide una tramitacià ³n urgente o no y de si se pide conjuntamente con una tarjeta de pasaporte.  Aquà ­ se especifican todas las opciones de costo del pasaporte. Tiempo de tramitacià ³n Generalmente se tarda entre 4 y seis semanas en renovar el pasaporte pero puede pagarse una tarifa de $60 dà ³lares para acelerar el proceso a apenas una semana. Adems, si existiera una emergencia, se puede tramitar de urgencia. Pà ©rdida o extravà ­o de pasaporte americano Si le roban su pasaporte americano o si lo pierde debe notificarlo inmediatamente de la siguiente manera: A Embajada o el consulado correspondiente, si el titular del pasaporte americano se encuentra en el extranjeroPor el contrario, si est en Estados Unidos, por telà ©fono marcando al 1-877-487-2778, de lunes a viernes de 8am a 10 pm hora de la costa Atlntica (E.T.).Tambià ©n es posible completando el formulario DS-64y envindolo a la direccià ³n que en à ©l aparece.Por à ºltimo, si se desea obtener un nuevo pasaporte, entonces deber acudir en persona con el formulario DS-64 y DS-11 a una Oficina Autorizada o a una Agencia de Pasaportes. No notificar la pà ©rdida del pasaporte puede ser un gran quebradero de cabeza ya que puede dar lugar a situaciones de robo de identidad. Verificacià ³n del estado de tramitacià ³n del pasaporte Puede chequear el estado de la tramitacià ³n de su pasaporte en la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado. En todos los asuntos oficiales, como por ejemplo, este de solicitar el pasaporte, es fundamental asegurarse de que se utilizan pginas oficiales del gobierno, las cuales tienen la extensià ³n .gov Tips para la renovacià ³n del pasaporte Cuando expire el pasaporte, puede renovarse por correo siempre y cuando se cumplan ciertos requisitos, como que el pasaporte expirado està © en buen estado. Tambià ©n es importante la edad del solicitante y si se trata o no de la primera renovacià ³n de pasaporte que se realiza de adulto. Por otro lado  y a diferencia de lo que ocurre con los residentes permanentes los ciudadanos pueden residir en el extranjero por el tiempo que asà ­ lo deseen. No hay là ­mites legales. Si el pasaporte expira estando fuera de los Estados Unidos, la renovacià ³n se puede hacer a travà ©s de consulados y embajadas. Documentos para acelerar paso por control migratorio para regresar a USA El pasaporte se puede utilizar en todo tipo de pasos migratorios para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Adems, en casos muy particulares como tipo de frontera y edad del ciudadano, se pueden utilizar otros documentos  que conviene conocer. Adems  los ciudadanos americanos pueden participar en programas que permiten un ingreso ms rpido cuando se regresa a Estados Unidos, las reglas son diferentes segà ºn el tipo de frontera y lugar de llegada. Nexus: entre Canad y Estados UnidosGlobal Entry o APC cuando se llega por aeropuertoSENTRI para el cruce por frontera terrestre o marà ­tima de Mà ©xico a Estados Unidos.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.